Determinants of Interpersonal Violence among Married Couples of Pakistan: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Interpersonal violence especially in marital relationships is a significant public health concern around the globe including Pakistan. Interpersonal violence occurs between individuals or small groups, rather than violence perpetrated by larger entities like governments or institutions. Interpersonal violence includes sub-types i.e. physical, psychological, emotional, and sexual violence. Objectives: This systematic review aims to synthesize, analyze and provide a comprehensive understanding of the determinants and underlying factors of IPV among married couples in Pakistan. Methods: A systematic approach was used using PRISMA guidelines. Google Scholar PubMed and PakMediNet databases were searched to select 14 articles using relevant keywords and MeSH terms. Results: Results show gender inequality, socioeconomic stress, limited access to education, substance abuse, psychological illness including childhood exposure to violence, sociocultural norms with their acceptance, religious interpretation, and lack of legal protection and support service as primary determinants of IPV in marital relationships. Conclusion: Therefore, understanding determinants is crucial for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies to address IPV. It requires a multi-faceted approach that includes promoting gender equality, empowering women through education and economic opportunities challenging cultural norms and perpetuating violence, providing support services to victims, acknowledging healthcare worker policymakers, advocates, and stakeholders to design evidence-based strategies, and raising awareness about healthy relationships and non-violent conflict resolution.