Abstract
Introduction: The physical, mental, and social aspects of the health and well-being of older people are important factors in their
lives. Socioeconomic variables such as social support, household income, and education influence age-related problems in lowand
middle-income countries (LMICs). Concerns about the health and well-being of the elderly become more important as these
countries are faced with rapidly aging populations, especially because they are vulnerable in situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Objectives: This systematic review was conducted to determine factors that affect the health and well-being of older people in
LMICs.
Methods: Original research studies that primarily focused on older populations (60 or 65 years and older) in LMICs and offered
insights into their health and well-being through metrics like Quality of Life (QoL) and related health indices, were considered
eligible studies. Simple reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and studies conducted in languages other than English were
not included. PubMed, Medline, Pak Medinet and Science Direct databases were used for literature search.
Results: Out of 1209 studies from initial search, 12 studies, mostly cohort, and cross-sectional studies, that were published after
2010 were included in our systematic review. Age and gender were the key demographic factors affecting older people's health
outcomes, with older age being related to lower QoL. There were clear gender differences, with males typically enjoying greater general
health and women benefiting from easier access to healthcare resources. Education emerged as a key determinant, positively impacting
QoL, health resource utilization, and mental health. Household income was important since lower income was linked to less access
to healthcare and lower quality of life. Older people's health and well-being were also influenced by factors such as chronic illnesses,
marital status, food preferences, and lifestyle choices.
Conclusion: This systematic review highlights the complex interaction of socioeconomic, healthcare, and lifestyle factors affecting
the health and well-being of older individuals in LMICs. Addressing these inequalities and challenges is crucial, as the demographic
shift towards an aging population in LMICs continues. Efforts should be made to focus on promoting education, income generation,
access to healthcare, healthy lifestyle choices, and social engagement among older populations to enhance their quality of life and
well-being.